MS Sathyu’s debut feature, shot on a shoestring budget of two lakhs, remains a landmark film of Hindi cinema. Here are five thought-provoking works from the subcontinent which capture the experience and aftermath of this major historical event, helping us to understand the complex relationship that exists between Pakistan and India. Partition as a subject in Indian cinema took off around the early 1970s, with a surge in output in the 1990s. Seventy years on, cinema continues to act as a powerful lens through which to explore its effects on ordinary people. Lives remained affected long after the dust had settled: the sense of loss, the threat of violence, and the disorientation of starting again lingered on. All sides lost ancestral lands, roots and possessions, but the greatest tragedy was the bloodletting that took place throughout the population exchange. A massive exodus began, with Indian Muslims heading West to the newly-created Pakistan, and Indian Hindus heading in the opposite direction. After gaining independence in 1945 from centuries of British colonial rule, India – a region of myriad languages and religions, the biggest being Islam and Hinduism – was separated under the pretext of easing religious tensions. The Partition of India in 1947 was a seismic event.

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